Circularity indicator for residential buildings: Addressing the gap between embodied impacts and design aspects

In the European Union, built environment is responsible for more than 25% of all waste generated, highlighting need to adopt circular practices. To indicate level circularity, common indicators mainly focus on: 1) amount virgin materials, 2) unrecoverable waste, and 3) product lifetime. However, a holistic methodology covering macro (material impact), meso (supply chain) micro (design) still be fully developed. this research, two - Building Circularity Indicator (BCI) novel Predictive BCI (PBCI) combine Material with Embodied Energy (EE), CO2 (EC) analyses Design Disassembly (DfD) criteria. A full simplified version are tested different case studies in climate zones EU. EE ranges between 1.49 GJ/m2 7.60 GJ/m2, while EC 0.15 tCO2/m2 0.73 tCO2/m2. version, PBCI respectively from 0.23 0.28 0.04 0.10 regard mass, EC. The 0.62, revealing accurate indicator when data available only few dozen components. enable comparisons among buildings, results show how interpretations DfD criteria affect BCI, strict boundary conditions, minimum number evaluated components, precise on relate either material, subcomponent/component, or its relationship context.